Physical Science Chpater 20 Exam Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
a. | above | c. | on |
b. | below | d. | all of the above |
Figure 4-1
____ 2. Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | condensation | c. | weathering |
b. | erosion | d. | compaction |
____ 3. The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____.
a. | provide materials to make other rocks |
b. | form other rocks |
c. | be changed by forces at Earth's surface |
d. | all of the above |
____ 4. Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
a. | compaction | c. | cementation |
b. | weathering and erosion | d. | heat and pressure |
____ 5. Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b |
b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
____ 6. The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | neither a nor b |
b. | lava | d. | both a and b |
____ 7. Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____.
a. | layers |
b. | lack of layers |
c. | large mineral grains |
d. | air holes |
____ 8. Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a. | extrusive metamorphic | c. | intrusive metamorphic |
b. | extrusive igneous | d. | intrusive igneous |
____ 9. All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
a. | exposure to air |
b. | the presence of hot, watery fluids |
c. | heat |
d. | pressure |
____ 10. A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____.
a. | chemical or organic | c. | foliated or nonfoliated |
b. | intrusive or extrusive | d. | basaltic or granite |
____ 11. Sedimentary rocks are ____.
a. | formed from magma |
b. | a type of foliated igneous rock |
c. | formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids |
d. | formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions |
____ 12. Metamorphic rocks can undergo all of the following changes EXCEPT ____.
a. | an exchange of atoms between minerals |
b. | melting |
c. | the formation of new, bigger minerals |
d. | the flattening of mineral grains |
____ 13. Detrital rocks are ____.
a. | made from broken fragments of other rocks |
b. | formed from magma |
c. | deposited from solution |
d. | all of the above |
____ 14. A rock is always ____.
a. | made of molten material |
b. | a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials |
c. | formed by heat and pressure |
d. | either igneous or sedimentary |
____ 15. A detrital rock is named according to ____.
a. | its age | c. | the shape and size of the sediments |
b. | its location | d. | the color of the sediments |
____ 16. Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____.
a. | it is denser than surrounding solid rock |
b. | it is less dense than surrounding solid rock |
c. | it has the same density as surrounding solid rock |
d. | none of the above |
____ 17. When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | intrusive |
b. | metamorphic | d. | coarse-grained |
____ 18. When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. | extrusive | c. | detrital |
b. | fine-grained | d. | intrusive |
____ 19. An igneous rock can form from ____ magma.
a. | basaltic | c. | granitic |
b. | andesitic | d. | all of the above |
____ 20. Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as ____.
a. | nonfoliated | c. | foliated |
b. | extrusive | d. | intrusive |
____ 21. Metamorphic rocks with a non-foliated texture show metamorphic change that involves ____.
a. | mineral grains arranging into layers |
b. | growth in the size of the mineral grains |
c. | mineral grains flattening under pressure |
d. | mineral grain melting |
____ 22. Sedimentary rocks form because of all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | sediments becoming pressed or cemented together |
b. | crystals solidifying from magma |
c. | sediments forming from solution |
d. | water evaporating, leaving crystals behind |
____ 23. Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____.
a. | held together with natural cements |
b. | formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves |
c. | formed when lava erupts from a volcano |
d. | formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface |
____ 24. Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks are ____.
a. | chemical | c. | organic |
b. | detrital | d. | none of the above |
____ 25. A quartz crystal is ____ in shape.
a. | cubic | c. | tetragonal |
b. | hexagonal | d. | monoclinic |
____ 26. As magma cools, its ____ combine into compounds that form a crystal structure, and it becomes a mineral.
a. | atoms | c. | electrons |
b. | elements | d. | none of the above |
____ 27. Minerals are comprised of one or more ____.
a. | colors | c. | rocks |
b. | elements | d. | structures |
____ 28. A mineral is classified as an ore as long as ____.
a. | it is rare and valuable | c. | it is profitable and useful |
b. | it can be used as jewelry | d. | it is solid and natural |
____ 29. The largest group of rock-forming minerals consists of the ____.
a. | quartzes | c. | silicates |
b. | halides | d. | oxides |
____ 30. One of the softest minerals is ____.
a. | topaz | c. | talc |
b. | quartz | d. | amethyst |
____ 31. All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT that of ____.
a. | being formed by natural processes |
b. | being formed from living organisms |
c. | being solids |
d. | having the atoms within the mineral arranged in a pattern |
____ 32. The hardness of quartz is 7. This indicates that quartz will scratch all of the following minerals EXCEPT ____.
a. | talc | c. | topaz |
b. | apatite | d. | calcite |
____ 33. Calcite will scratch gypsum. This is an example of the physical characteristics called ____.
a. | hardness | c. | fracture |
b. | streak | d. | cleavage |
Matching
Match each statement with the correct item below.
a. | compaction | e. | weathering |
b. | cementation | f. | marble |
c. | limestone | g. | erosion |
d. | coal | h. | slate |
____ 34. a kind of organic sedimentary rock
____ 35. The process in which rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into pieces.
____ 36. a kind of chemical sedimentary rock
____ 37. The process in which pressure from the upper layers of sediment pushes down on the lower layers, causing the sediments to stick together and form solid rock.
____ 38. The process in which minerals hold sediment together, like glue, making a detrital sedimentary rock.
____ 39. the movement of weathered material
____ 40. a kind of foliated metamorphic rock
____ 41. a kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock
Completion
Complete each statement.
42. Sandstone is a(n) ____________________ rock.
43. Granite is a(n) ____________________ rock.
44. Obsidian is a(n) ____________________ rock.
45. Silica-rich, thick magma is ____________________ magma.
46. Dense, heavy, dark-colored igneous rocks form from ____________________ magma.
Physical Science Chpater 20 Exam Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS5.1 CS4.2
3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
18. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
29. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
MATCHING
34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
35. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
39. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
40. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
41. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
COMPLETION
42. ANS: sedimentary
PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 3/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
43. ANS: igneous
PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
44. ANS: igneous
PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
45. ANS: granitic
PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
46. ANS: basaltic
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2