Behaviorism
The learner is influenced by environmental stimuli they are exposed to. Behavior is shaped by positive and negative reinforcement. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors. There are two types of behavioral patterns: Classic conditioning and behavioral or operant conditioning. Classic conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimuli. Behavioral or operant conditioning occurs when a response to a stimulus is reinforced.
Contributors:
- John B. Watson
- Ivan Pavlov
- B. F. Skinner
- E. L. Thorndike
- Albert Bandura
Implementing a token economy is an example of using behaviorism in the classroom. Students can earn tokens based on different criteria outlined by the teacher. Once students have accumulated tokens, then they may trade them in for a reward.
