English/Grammar

 

English Language Arts Study Guide Test Tuesday, April 30th

**A noun is a person, place, or thing.

**A common noun names any person place or thing. Cat, house, boy, spoon

**A proper noun identifies an exact or specific person, place or thing. A proper noun is always capitalized. 

Eiffel Tower, George Washington, Woodland Park, Park Street, Statue of Liberty

 

Plural Noun Rules  The correct spelling of plurals usually depends on what letter the singular noun ends in.

1 To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.

cat – cats       house – houses

2 If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural.

dress – dresses        bus – buses       marsh – marshes     lunch – lunches       tax – taxes   fizz-fizzes

3 In some cases, singular nouns ending in -s or -z, require that you double the -s or -z prior to adding the -es for pluralization.

fez – fezzes       gas –gasses

4 If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the f is changed to ‑ve before adding the -s to form the plural version.

wife – wives      wolf – wolves       loaf—loaves           half- halves

5 If a singular noun ends in ‑y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the ending to ‑ies to make the noun plural.     city – cities         puppy – puppies

6 If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.       ray – rays           boy –  boys

7 If the singular noun ends in ‑o, add ‑es to make it plural.

potato – potatoes                  tomato – tomatoes

8If the singular noun ends in ‑us, the plural ending is frequently ‑i.

cactus – cacti     focus – foci          platypus-platypi

9 If the singular noun ends in ‑is, the plural ending is ‑es.

analysis – analyses                ellipsis – ellipses

10 If the singular noun ends in ‑on, the plural ending is ‑a.

phenomenon – phenomena                criterion – criteria

11 Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.

sheep – sheep      scissors-scissors       trout-trout    salmon-salmon      deer-deer        fish-fish

Plural Noun Rules for Irregular Nouns   Irregular nouns follow no specific rules. The spelling changes to make it a plural.

child – children                          goose – geese                man – men                woman – women

tooth – teeth                             foot – feet                      mouse – mice          person – people

Adjectives

The three main types of adjectives are descriptive adjectives, quantitative adjectives, and demonstrative adjectives.

  1. Descriptive adjectives describe the characteristics of a noun. How the noun looks, feels, smells, tastes  Examples: blue, shiny, tall, soft, happy, stinky

 

  1. Quantitative adjectives tell how many of the noun. Examples: ten, several, many, few

 

  1. Demonstrative adjectives answer the question which one? They point out particular nouns. Some demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, and those. Example: “He bought that sweater.” That is a demonstrative adjective that describes which sweater we’re referring to.

Nouns Practice

http://mrswarnerarlington.weebly.com/nouns.html

English Language Arts terms glossary linkhttp://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/

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Character Traits and Motivation 
 

Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative, and Exclamatory Sentences 
 

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Compare and Contrast 
 

Subject and Predicate 
 

Compound Subjects and Predicates 

 

 

Simple and Compound Sentences 
 

Author's Purpose and Perspective 
 

Prepositional Phrases 
 

Clauses, Phrases and Complex Sentences