Animal Behavior
p. 766-768
Proximate Causation
nRevolves around ____________________ animals behave
nStudied experimentally
–Biologists look for the _________________________________or ____________________________causes of behavior
§Ex: singing of a male white-throated sparrow in the spring may be explained in terms of _______________________ or _______________________ mechanisms
Ultimate Causation
nRevolves around ________________________ animals behave the way they do
nEvolutionary ____________________ and ___________________ of behaviors
nStudied using _______________________________ methodology
–Applying _________________________________ analysis to understand __________________________________ changes in behavior and their associated ____________________________________ and environmental context
Comparative Psychology
nDeveloped from efforts to find general ____________________ of behavior that apply to many species
nEarly research depended heavily on ___________________________
nMore recent research depends on __________________________ experimental approaches
Ethology
nAims to describe the behavior of an animal in its _______________________ _____________________
nData gathered through ______________________ observation and experiments, or ______________________________ based experiments
nEmphasizes the importance of _______________________________________ of behavior
nCentral theme – ___________________________________________________
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Behavioral Ecology
nDetermine how individuals are expected to behave to maximize ________________________________________ success
Sociobiology
nThe _______________________________________ study of social behavior
–Reciprocal communication of a cooperative nature (transcending mere sexual activity) that permits a group of organisms of the same species to become organized in a cooperative manor
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